生活型

tree

形態特徵

• Evergreen trees, about 15 m high, 0.5 m across; branchlets with brown short pubescence.
• Leaves oblong to long-ovate, 9–15 cm long, 3–5 cm wide, acuminate at apex, acute to narrow-obtuse at base, serrate, brown-hairy beneath, lateral veins 13–22 pairs; petioles 1.2–1.7 cm long, pubescent.
• Staminate flowers 4 mm long 3.5 mm wide; perianth 6-lobed, glabrous outside, hairy inside; stamens 12, about 3.5 mm long, anthers 0.2 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate flowers 2 mm long, 1 mm wide; perianth 6-lobed; ovary 2–4-celled, 1 mm wide, with 2 ovules in each cell, styles 2–4.
• Fruits globose, 3.8–4.5 cm long, 3.5–5 cm across, densely armed with simple spines, the spines 1–1.8 cm long, 0.5 mm wide; nut 1, globose to ellipsoid, 1.5–1.9 cm long, 1.5–1.6 cm across, densely tomentose.

物候

Staminate flowers blooming from Feburary to May; fruits maturing from March to June.

分布

• 台灣 : in forests in the southern part, from 200 to 1,000 m altitude.
• 世界 : Distributed across the eastern Himalaya (NE India, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam to S and SW China.

引證標本

KAOHSIUNG: Tona, Tachin, Shyu, s. n. PINGTUNG: Nanjenshan, Liao 10384, 10388. TAITUNG: Tawu, Liao 11436, 11445.

參考文獻

• LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 64. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)